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| date = 20 February 2014 – 19 March 2014 () | place = Crimea | coordinates = | causes = * Russian invasion * Opposition by Russia to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution〔 | status = | result = * Russian masked troops invade and occupy key Crimean locations, including Ukrainian airports and military bases, following Putin's orders. * Head of Ukrainian Navy, Admiral Berezovsky, defects followed later by half of the Ukrainian military stationed in the region * Russian forces seize the Supreme Council (Crimean parliament). The Council of Ministers of Crimea is dissolved, a new pro-Russian Prime Minister is installed. * The new Supreme Council declares The Republic of Crimea to be an independent, self-governing entity, then holds a referendum on the status of Crimea, voting to join the Russian Federation, on 16 March. * Treaty signed between Crimea and Russia at the Kremlin on 18 March to formally initiate Crimea's annexation by the Russian Federation. * The Ukrainian Armed Forces are evicted from their bases on 19 March by Crimean protesters and Russian troops. Ukraine subsequently announces withdrawal of its forces from Crimea. | combatant1 = | combatant2 = | strength1 = Protesters * 20,000 (Sevastopol) * 10,000 (Simferopol) Volunteer units〔 * 5,000 (Sevastopol) * 1,700 (Simferopol) Russian military forces * 20,000–30,000 troops Ukrainian Armed Forces defectors * 12,000 | strength2 = Protesters * 4,000–10,000 (Simferopol) Ukrainian military forces * 5,000–22,000 troops * 40,000 reservists, partly mobilised (outside Crimea) | casualties1 = 1 Crimean SDF trooper killed | casualties2 = 2 soldiers killed, 60–80 detained | casualties3 = 3 protesters died (2 pro-Russian and 1 pro-Ukrainian) All deaths were not related directly to military activities | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = }} The internationally recognised Ukrainian territory of Crimea was annexed by the Russian Federation in March 2014. From the time of the annexation on 18 March 2014, Russia has ''de facto'' administered the territory as two federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol—within the Crimean Federal District. The military intervention and annexation by Russia took place in the aftermath of the Ukrainian Revolution. It was a part of the wider unrest across southern and eastern Ukraine.〔 On 22–23 February, Russian President Vladimir Putin convened an all-night meeting with security services chiefs to discuss extrication of deposed President, Viktor Yanukovych, and at the end of that meeting Putin had remarked that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia." On 23 February pro-Russian demonstrations were held in the Crimean city of Sevastopol. On 27 February masked Russian troops without insignias〔 took over the Supreme Council of Crimea, and captured strategic sites across Crimea, which led to the installation of the pro-Russian Aksyonov government in Crimea, the holding of a disputed, unconstitutional referendum and the declaration of Crimea's independence.〔 The event was condemned by many world leaders as an illegal annexation of Ukrainian territory, in violation of the 1994 Budapest Memorandum on sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, signed by Russia. It led to the other members of the then G8 suspending Russia from the group, then introducing the first round of sanctions against the country. The Russian Federation opposes the "annexation" label, with Putin defending the referendum as complying with international law. Ukraine disputes this, as it does not recognise the independence of the Republic of Crimea or the accession itself as legitimate. The United Nations General Assembly also rejected the vote and annexation, adopting a non-binding resolution affirming the "territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders". The resolution also "()nderscores that the referendum (Crimea ), having no validity, cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of ()."〔 The resolution draws attention to the obligation of all States and international organizations not to recognize or to imply the recognition of Russia's annexation.〔 ==Background== (詳細はRussian Empire in 1783, when the Crimean Khanate was annexed and incorporated into the Empire as . In 1795, Crimea was merged into Novorossiysk Governorate; in 1802, it was transferred to the Taurida Governorate. A series of short-lived governments (Crimean People's Republic, Crimean Regional Government, Crimean SSR) were established during first stages of the Russian Civil War, but they were followed by White Russian (General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia, later South Russian Government) and, finally, Soviet (Crimean ASSR) incorporations of Crimea into their own states. After the Second World War and the subsequent deportation of all of the indigenous Crimean Tatars, the Crimean ASSR was stripped of its autonomy in 1946 and was downgraded to the status of an oblast of the Russian SFSR. In 1954, the Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. In 1989, under perestroika, the Supreme Soviet declared that the deportation of the Crimean Tatars under Stalin had been illegal,〔(【引用サイトリンク】script-title=ru:Декларация Верховного Совета СССР "О признании незаконными и преступными репрессивных актов против народов, подвергшихся насильственному переселению, и обеспечении их прав" )〕 and the mostly Muslim ethnic group was allowed to return to Crimea.〔"The Crimean Tatars began repatriating on a massive scale beginning in the late 1980s and continuing into the early 1990s. The population of Crimean Tatars in Crimea rapidly reached 250,000 and leveled off at 270,000 where it remains as of this writing (). There are believed to be between 30,000 and 100,000 remaining in places of former exile in Central Asia." Greta Lynn Uehling, ''The Crimean Tatars'' (Encyclopedia of the Minorities, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn) (iccrimea.org )〕 In 1990, the Crimean Oblast Soviet proposed the restoration of the Crimean ASSR.〔(【引用サイトリンク】script-title=ru:ДЕКЛАРАЦИЯ О ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И ПРАВОВОМ СТАТУСЕ КРЫМА )〕 The oblast conducted a referendum in 1991, which asked whether Crimea should be elevated into a signatory of the New Union Treaty (that is, became a union republic on its own). By that time, though, the dissolution of the Soviet Union was well underway. The Crimean ASSR was restored for less than a year as part of Soviet Ukraine before Ukrainian independence. Newly independent Ukraine maintained Crimea's autonomous status,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції... від 19.06.1991 № 1213а-XII )〕 while the Supreme Council of Crimea affirmed the peninsula's "sovereignty" as a part of Ukraine. The autonomous status of Crimea was limited by Ukrainian authorities in 1995.〔(Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції (Основного Закону) України. Верховна Рада України; Закон від 21.09.1994 № 171/94-ВР ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】script-title=uk:Про скасування Конституції і деяких законів Автономної Республіки Крим Верховна Рада України; Закон від 17 March 1995 № 92/95-ВР )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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